Voluntary participation in Iranian communities and the country, with its roots and historical background deeply intertwined with religion, has grown so extensively that its previously unknown dimensions are becoming increasingly apparent. Given that voluntary participation is a fundamental necessity for economic development, and Jihadi and volunteer groups are now considered the executive arms of governments, this article aims to analyze the challenges in the participation of these groups, NGOs, and charities within nomadic communities. The goal is to optimize the utilization of this public and philanthropic potential within nomadic society.

The research approach for this study was qualitative, and the method employed was the Delphi method. The statistical population consisted of two groups: the first group comprised informed individuals and experts from the Nomadic Affairs Administration in provinces that have benefited from the voluntary participation of Jihadi groups and non-governmental organizations. The second group consisted of Jihadi groups and NGOs that have carried out voluntary activities within the nomadic community. A total of 17 individuals were interviewed as experts and informed sources, acting as informants, until theoretical saturation was reached.

The findings from the analysis of interviews with the informant groups revealed that voluntary participation in the nomadic community is categorized into two areas: organized activities and separate voluntary participation. From the perspective of directors and experts in the Nomadic Affairs Administrations, the drawbacks of voluntary participation were identified as focusing on non-essential matters, undermining the spirit of resilience and self-sufficiency, and a lack of unified procedures. The categories extracted from the interviews with Jihadi groups and NGOs included the challenge of competition instead of governmental cooperation and synergy, the unevenness of the path, and a lack of awareness regarding the priorities of the nomadic community